白马雪山自然保护区德钦分局辖区鸟类多样性及保护管理对策

白马雪山自然保护区德钦分局辖区内鸟类资源十分丰富,至2005年底共记录到鸟类328种。其中留鸟204种,占总数的62.2%;夏候鸟和繁殖鸟76种,占23.2%;旅鸟和冬候鸟48种,占14.6%。以区系成分分,东洋界106种,古北界48种,广布种68种。针对分布鸟类多样性资源受威胁及限制因子,提出相应的对策。     

水果裂果研究进展

综述了国内外对鲜食水果裂果的研究进展，从果实的形态解剖特性、环境因子、栽培措施、矿质营养元素与平衡等方面阐述了裂果发生的机理。认为表皮细胞大、果实角质层薄易于裂果；果实生长前期，土壤含水量不足，果皮发育受到影响，果实发育后期，久旱逢雨，果肉细胞迅速增大可造成裂果；缺钙、钾等矿质元素，易产生裂果。提出了预防裂果的几项措施。     

蓝桉幼林不同生长期的叶片营养元素含量分析

１９９２～１９９６年对不同年龄蓝桉幼林各生长季节叶片的５种主要营养元素含量进行了分析研究。结果显示，蓝桉幼林叶片中Ｎ、Ｐ元素的含量夏季高于冬季；Ｎ含量第１、２年较高，各年间差异不显著；Ｐ含量各年间差异显著，第３年含量最高。元素Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ的含量各年间差异显著，含量随林龄增加而增加，２５年以后达到高峰，之后由于“组织稀释”，浓度有所下降。施肥能提高叶片中Ｎ、Ｋ、Ｃａ元素的含量；由于施肥使蓝桉生长量明显提高，叶片中Ｐ、Ｍｇ元素含量下降，“组织稀释”现象明显。     

西藏色季拉山冷杉林木根系营养元素的特征分析

西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉根系的养分总含量在不同方向的大小顺序为:南＞西＞东＞北,其中N、K、Fe、Mn等元素的含量差异显著;不同粗度级的根系,养分含量差异较大,养分总含量大小顺序为细根＞中根＞粗根,细根的总养分含量是粗根的1.46倍,其中N、Mg、Fe、Mn元素的规律性较强;随根系长度的增加,养分总含量也在增加,特别是在细根中,这种趋势尤为明显;单株林木根系养分贮量受生物量的大小和养分含量的高低影响,养分贮量的分布顺序是中根＞粗根＞细根,各元素在根系中的贮量大小依次为:N＞K＞Mg＞Ca＞Mn＞P＞Cu＞Na＞Fe＞Zn,贮量范围在1.13～165.21 g之间.单位面积冷杉林木根系中大量元素贮量与华山松、锐齿栎和油松相比,只有N元素贮量高于华山松,Mg元素贮量高于华山松和油松,其它元素均低于这些树种.     

黄皮次生木质部导管分子观察研究

运用细胞图象分析系统及显微照相的方法对黄皮次生木质部导管分子进行了观察研究。在黄皮的次生木质部导管分子中存在着许多不同的样式,分别对其进行了描述,并从导管分子个体发育与系统发育的角度进行了讨论。     

基于深度学习的大豆生长期叶片缺素症状检测方法

为了检测作物叶片缺素,提出了一种基于神经网络的大豆叶片缺素视觉检测方法。在对大豆缺素叶片进行特征分析后,采用深度学习技术,利用Mask R-CNN模型对固定摄像头采集的叶片图像进行分割,以去除背景特征,并利用VGG16模型进行缺素分类。首先通过摄像头采集水培大豆叶片图像,对大豆叶片图像进行人工标记,建立大豆叶片图像分割任务的训练集和测试集,通过预训练确定模型的初始参数,并使用较低的学习率训练Mask RCNN模型,训练后的模型在测试集上对背景遮挡的大豆单叶片和多叶片分割的马修斯相关系数分别达到了0.847和0.788。通过预训练确定模型的初始参数,使用训练全连接层的方法训练VGG16模型,训练的模型在测试集上的分类准确率为89.42%。通过将特征明显的叶片归类为两类缺氮特征和4类缺磷特征,分析讨论了模型的不足之处。本文算法检测一幅100万像素的图像平均运行时间为0.8 s,且对复杂背景下大豆叶片缺素分类有较好的检测效果,可为农业自动化生产中植株缺素情况估计提供技术支持。     

2CZD-1型段茎式甘蔗种植机设计与试验

研制了2CZD-1型段茎式甘蔗种植机,可一次性完成甘蔗种植的开沟、施肥、自动取种、自动排种、覆土和覆膜等工序,适用于宽窄行甘蔗种植。设计了机架、取送种机构、转盘施肥机构、旋耕覆土机构、覆膜机构和液压传动系统等结构,其中取送种机构采用排冗结构实现均匀排种。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对甘蔗种植机的机架进行模态分析,并通过田间试验获得甘蔗种植机的覆土厚度合格率、种植密度、伤芽率、漏植率及总排肥量稳定性变异系数等性能参数。模拟结果表明,当激励频率为8~80 Hz时,机架容易发生共振,且最大位移可达28.12 mm。田间试验表明,该种植机的种植密度为142325芽/hm^2,覆土厚度合格率为93.6%,伤芽率为2.8%,漏植率为4.7%,种植深度合格率为89.3%,总排肥量稳定性变异系数为5.8%,工作生产率为0.32 hm2/h,符合甘蔗种植机的设计要求,能够显著提高甘蔗种植的效率。     

Nutrient cycling and biomass flows in a low-quality forest stand improvement system in the Lesser Khingan Range of China

The material flow and bulk internal flow analyses were used to establish a material accumulation and cycling model for a low-quality forest stand improvement system and a series of processes were considered. The model was applied in a one-hectare low-quality forest plot in the Lesser Khingan Range of China. Results showed that during 1997–2007, the stands absorbed 270.19 kg of N, 74.28 kg of P, and 124.39 kg of K from soils, 51.82 kg of N and 2.38 kg of P were directly absorbed by foliage, and 16.25 kg of K was released to soils by eluviation. Until 2007, the accumulated nutrients in the stands included 236.91 kg of N, 65.28 kg of P, and 108.55 kg of K. When horizontal strip clearcutting was applied in 2007, 50% accumulated nutrients in the stands were shifted due to harvesting operations, and 212.74 kg of N, 26.97 kg of P, and 98.88 kg of K were accumulated in soils, declining by 9.47% for N, 3.68% for P, and 17.60% for K, respectively, compared with year 1997. 94.61 t per hectare of biomass was generated, of which the biomass in stands accounted for 87.36%. The felled tree biomass was 36.89 t per hectare, of which 84.90% and 10.03% of biomass were utilized in terms of logs and other means, and the rest was left on site.     

Decreasing detection frequency of MITE(MCLas-A) in the population of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' recently collected in southern China

An active miniature inverted-repeat transposable element(MITE), MCLas-A, was previously identified from ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' known to be associated with citrus Huanglongbing(HLB, yellow shoot disease). To explore the recent transposition status of MCLas-A, 389 ‘Ca. L. asiaticus' strains collected from nine regions in China were amplified using a specific primer set and three representative ‘Ca. L. asiaticus' strains were analyzed by next-generation sequencing(NGS) approach. PCR and genomic analysis showed that the entire MCLas-A was only present in 1.80%(7/389) and the jumping-out type of the MITE was predominant(81.23%) in samples tested, suggesting high frequency transposition occurred in ‘Ca. L. asiaticus' strains recently collected from China. Biological roles of transposition of the active MITE remain to be determined.     

硒胁迫对紫花苜蓿硒积累及矿质元素吸收的效应

为了探讨硒胁迫对紫花苜蓿硒积累及对其他矿质元素吸收的影响。以3种苜蓿阿尔冈金、大叶苜蓿、维多利亚为试材,采用土培试验方法,研究了硒胁迫对紫花苜蓿不同组织的生物量、转运系数、耐性指数、硒积累量、硒含量和矿质元素含量的影响及紫花苜蓿对硒的积累能力。结果表明:施以100μmol/L硒时,硒处理显著提高了3个品种苜蓿根、茎、叶片的硒含量、耐性指数、硒积累量和K、P、Ca、Mg元素的吸收,当硒浓度为900μmol/L时,则降低了阿尔冈金和维多利亚不同器官生物量及大叶苜蓿根的生物量积累,且降低了阿尔冈金和维多利亚不同器官及大叶苜蓿根和茎对Zn吸收积累量。不同品种间相比较,大叶苜蓿生物量、硒积累量和K、P、Mg元素吸收显著高于其他2个苜蓿,且差异显著。综合评价表明,大叶苜蓿对矿质元素和Se有较好的吸收和富集能力。